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Urticaria
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Urticaria is a heterogeneous group of diseases.
All types and subtypes of urticaria have a specific skin reaction.
Urticaria is characterized by fast appearance of redness with swelling and/or angioedema.The redness with swelling usually consists of:
- central swelling of different size surrounded by erythema.
- It is followed by an itch or burning feeling.
- It is transient, lasting from 1-24 hours.
Angioedema is characterized by:
- sudden, very distinct swelling of the upper dermis and subcutis
- sometimes painful, rarely followed by an itch
- It often affects mucous membranes.
- It passes slowly, lasts up to 72 hours.
Classification:
Spontaneous urticaria
- acute and chronic
Physical urticaria
- urticaria factitia
- postponed pressure urticaria
- cold urticaria
- heat urticaria
- solar urticaria
- urticaria/angioedema from vibration
Other urticaria types
- aquagenic
- cholinergic
- contact
- exercise-induced anaphylaxis/urticaria
In opinion of some doctors, acute urticaria more frequently occurs in patients with atopic diseases. Its duration is shorter than six weeks.
Chronic urticaria includes appearance of skin changes in a time period longer than six weeks.
Evaluation of severity of the disease is determined based on the number of episodes of urticaria and the intensity of the itch, monitored by the patient for several days, 24 hours a day.
Urticaria treatment includes firstly identification and elimination of the cause or the trigger, and secondly treatment with the goal of relieving the symptoms.
In treatment of urticaria primarily used medicine is antihistamine, and then corticosteroids, cyclosporine and immunomodulators (anti IgE).
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